РОСБИОТЕХ
Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education
DERMATOVENEREOLOGY

Review article

УДК 616.97

Included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission
3.1.23. Dermatovenereology

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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

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CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTRAGENITAL FORMS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED VIRAL INFECTIONS

M.V. Musakovaorcid, V.I. Kisinaorcid, V.P. Kovalykorcid, A.E. Gushchinorcid

DOI

ABSTRACT

Background. This literature review analyzes current data on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of extragenital forms of sexually transmitted viral infections (STIs).

Main Contents. The focus is on the human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has been shown that changes in sexual behavior in the population, particularly the growing popularity of orogenital and anogenital contact, have led to a significant increase in the frequency of extragenital localizations of these infections. The most vulnerable areas are the oropharynx, anorectal region, and conjunctiva. The review demonstrates that extragenital forms of HPV infection are associated with the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer, in particular, cancer of the tonsils and tongue root, in the development of which HPV plays a predominant etiologic role. Extragenital herpes, especially orofacial and anal, is characterized by frequent relapses and severe pain, significantly reducing patients’ quality of life.

Conclusions. Particular attention is given to the extragenital transmission of HSV, HIV, and HPV infections, as some of the most common viral STIs. The need for increased attention by physicians of various specialties (dentists, otolaryngologists, proctologists, ophthalmologists, and infectious disease specialists) regarding extragenital manifestations of STIs is emphasized, and the importance of comprehensive patient examination and the development of standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for these STI sites is noted.

ABOUT AUTHORS

M.V. Musakova

Dermatovenerologist Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow Health Department, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-1604 | SPIN-код: 2949-8314 | AuthorID: 1163220

V.I. Kisina Dr.Sci.(Med.)

Professor, chief researcher Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow Health Department, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-9400 | SPIN-код: 5394-7012 | AuthorID: 343046

V.P. Kovalyk Dr.Sci.(Med.)

Associate professor, leading research fellow Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow Health Department, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-2771 | SPIN-код: 6037-2898 | AuthorID: 231470

A.E. Gushchin Cand.Biol.Sci.

Leading research fellow Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow Health Department, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-1167 | SPIN-код: 3496-6893 | AuthorID: 666674;

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KEYWORDS: sexually transmitted infections, STIs, human papillomavirus, HPV, herpes simplex virus, HSV, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, extragenital infections, oropharyngeal carcinoma

CORRESPONDENCE: Maria V. Musakova, e-mail: masha-musakova@rambler.ru

FOR CITATIONS: Musakova M.V., Kisina V.I., Kovalyk V. P. [et al.] Clinical Significance of Extragenital Forms of Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections. // Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education. — 2025. — Vol. 5, № 4. — P. 25–29. — DOI 10.36107/2782-1714_2025-5-4-25-29.

FUNDING SOURCE: The authors declare no funding for the study.

DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST: The authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: Data from the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

V.I. Kisina, A.E. Gushchin — concept and design of the article

V.I. Kisina, V.P. Kovalyk, M.V. Musakova — collection and processing of material

M.V. Musakova, V.I. Kisina, V.P. Kovalyk — writing text

V.P. Kovalyk, V.I. Kisina — editing